“It’s something that I manage but it is not who I am”: reflections on internalized stigma in individuals with bipolar disorder
October 5th, 2011 by webadmin
Mental illness stigma, or the negative attitudes and behaviours surrounding mental illness, is common in society. Stigma may play a significant role in contributing to the distress, disability, and poor quality of life often experienced by people living with bipolar disorder (BD). Internalized stigma, where a person has negative feelings about him or herself, can cause psychological harm and reduce an individual’s wellbeing.
This paper, co-authored by CREST.BD members Erin Michalak, Jamie Livingston, Rachelle Hole, Melinda Suto and Sandra Hale, presents a sub-set of findings from a study of self-management strategies used by people managing well with bipolar disorder. Thirty-two Canadians diagnosed with BD type I or II completed scales to assess symptoms, functioning and quality of life. They also participated in an individual interview or focus group to discuss self-management strategies used to maintain or regain wellness. Several themes were identified in the findings: taking care of self, accepting bipolar disorder without being defined by it, social support, personal growth, and stigma. In this paper the stigma theme is further developed into: 1) stigma expectations and experiences, 2) sense of self/identity, 3) judicious disclosure (using good judgement when deciding to disclose), and 4) moving beyond internalized stigma (also described as self-stigma). Quotes from participants are included to illustrate the experiences and impact of stigma on people’s lives.
By focusing on individual strengths, this research represents a move away from an emphasis on the negative outcomes of bipolar disorder. It gives a voice to those who are addressing stigma, and holds the potential to help others who are at different stages of the recovery process.
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